Assisted Suicide Essay -- Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Assisted SuicideI examine the ways in which our cultural expectations with compliancy to last may be transform by the legalization of assisted suicide. I suggest the inadequacy of the philosophical framework currently taken as the basis for discussing the advant times as well as the dangers of legalizing assisted suicide. I do not believe that individual autonomy is any sort of possibility for dying patients, regardless of the social policies that surround destruction in a society, insofar as our individual agency in this situation is necessarily intertwined with that of various relevant others. By means of a possibleness of agency relations, I attempt to show the dynamic ways in which we may all adjust to the option of assisted suicide as a preferred end-of-life option. My theory of agency relations does not deny individual choice rather it explains the qualitative complexity of individual choice, as well as its dynamic social process of evolving. What is the tie between two ins tants that have between them the whole interval, the whole abyss, that separates the present and death, this margin at once two insignificant and infinite, where there is always room enough for hope? (1)Is death possible? Can I die? Can I say I can with respect to death? Can I? (2)I. Comprehending Death The Limits of PhilosophyWe philosophers be always trying to get a grip on death, and always failing. Anthropologists and social historians are likely to do better than philosophers in their efforts to characterize death, insofar as they can investigate the many faces of death in different cultural contexts death in battle may be heroic death in youth may be tragic death in old age benign. In different times and different cultures death me... ...pp.14-15. As anthropologists, the Kleinmans find shifts in the American cultural rhetoric of distemper which correspond with Hochschilds findings as to the devaluation of conventional domestic duties of women. Our cultural rhetoric, the K leinmans remark, is changing from the language of caring to the language of efficiency and cost it is not surprising to hear patients themselves use this rhetoric to describe their problems. Thereby, the illness experience, for some, may be transformed from a consequential moral experience into a merely technical inexpediency.(14) See Robert Kastenbaum, Suicide as the Preferred style of Death, in Edwin S. Shneidman, ed., Suicidology Contemporary Developments (New York Grune & Stratton, 1976), pp.425-441, for a much earlier analysis predicting that our society would readily embrace suicide as a desirable way of dying.

Narcolepsy Essay -- Sleep Disorders Sleeping Papers

NarcolepsyNarcolepsy is a permanent recreation disorder that gets worse with age. It is estimated that about 40,000 to 135,000 people in the joined States have narcolepsy. (Narcolepsy, 2002). Most people who have narcolepsy are ofttimes times misdiagnosed because the symptoms, especially if noticed at the beginning stages, are very similar to new(prenominal) sleep disorders. Some of the symptoms that go along with narcolepsy are excessive sleepiness, especially during the daytime or when sleep is inappropriate, cataplexy which is when a person suddenly looses control of their muscles, sleep paralysis which is when the person is unable to move for a short period of time after they wake up from sleep, and hypnagogic hallucinations which is very vivid dreams, often experienced minutes after falling asleep. (Wunder 2002). For a person with narcolepsy, the message about when to sleep and be awake often arrive at the creative thinker at the incorrect time or wrong pla ce, causing them to fall asleep while their emotions are high or even during physical activities. fit in to Margan (2003), narcoleptic patients have a shortage of neurons which produce excitatory neurotransmitters such as hypocretin and orexin. With less of these neurotransmitters, the signals for when to sleep and when to be awake is sent at the wrong times. Scientists have found that narcoleptic patients lack a chemical in the brain called hypocretin. Hypocretin helps to regulate sleep and stimulates arousal. It was excessively discovered that the number of neurons which secrete hypocretin is also reduced. (Wunder 2002). It is uncertain why these are missing.Treatment for narcolepsy is limited, but there are possible medications to help limit the effects of this disorde... ...ness Associated With Narcolepsy. American Family Physician. pp. 973. Ault, Alicia. (1999, January). FDA Approves First New Narcolepsy drug in USA in Decades. Lancet. pp. 131.Morgan, K. (2003, March). No Rest for the Waking. Science News, 163, 181.OBrien, James C. (2004). Facts about narcolepsy frequently asked questions. Retrieved April 2, 2004, from http//www.talkaboutsleep.com/sleepdisorders/Narcolepsy_FAQS.htmSeydel, C. (2000, August). Wake Up Call for Narcoleptics. Science Now, 2.Takahashi, Joseph. (1999, September). Narcolepsy Genes Wakes Up the kip Field. Science. pp. 2076.Travis, J. (2000, September). Brain-Cell Loss Found In Narcolepsy. Science News, 158, 148.Wunder, Heidi T. (2002). Living with narcolepsy. Retrieved April 2, 2004, from http//www.sleepfoundation.org/publications/livingnarcolepsy.cfm

Colette Dowlings The Cinderella Complex: Womens Hidden Fear of Indepe

Colette Dowlings The Cinderella Complex Womens Hidden Fear of IndependencyIn her book, The Cinderella Complex Womens Hidden Fear of Independency, Ms. Colette Dowling states her precept in a condition which she names the Cinderella complex, being an intricate system of beliefs put upon women which make them feel as if they must be slavish to the wills of others, seemingly less intelligent than they truly are. However, with a more detailed analysis of the tale of Cinderella, Dowling would have realized that this is not a completely absolute naming of her discovered complex. But in order to prove this, we ourselves must take a closer look at the tale of Cinderella. In the clean version of Cinderella, that written by Charles Perrault, we are presented the image of a girl completely submissive to the will of her stepmother and of her sisters. Not quite flattering to the modern woman. However, let us examine the author and the circumstances surrounding his retelling of the story. Charl es Perrault was a French nobleman, whose project was to collect tales from all over the world and rewrite them in much(prenominal) a format as would make them suitable for his intended audience, namely the French court. In the world of royalty, it is the man who is truly important, the sole purpose of his wife being to bear him children and make him look pricey in public. Perraults Cinderella is a perfect example of what, in the eye of his audience, would be considered the perfect wife. She was a badly worker, who never objected to anything that she was told. She was sweetness itself, according to Perrault, a perfect girl without a trace of animosity in her being--as is shown in her final treatment of her stepmother and sisters. She would ne... ...lking on our suit home from school, I said to her, if I were a girl, its not like I would turn 19 and suddenly say I have to possess married now, its more like you know, maybe I am ready to get married. But she responded that its no t that simple...that she felt pressured to get married quickly, because if she would wait, all the good husbands would be gone already. She also mentioned that girls who wait longer take on a status of being less than prime candidates for matches. This shows an evident external powerfulness acting on women to make them fear their own independence. (However, I cannot state the existence of such a condition in the same manner anywhere outside the American religious Jewish community.) Sarah was married on December 29th, and moved to New York three days later. So perhaps the condition would be more appropriately named the Sarah complex.

SmartCards :: essays research papers

SmartCardsWhat is a Smart broadsideA Smartcard is a standard recognize card sized plastic card with an merged circuit embedded in it. This integrated circuit includes a microprocessor and a bit of memory, which together hold information in electronic form and cooks who uses the information and how they use it. The Smartcards ability to store and control m whatever different types of information, as well as its large storage capacity, gives rise to several Smartcard applications. For example, a single Smartcard could take the place of a ascribe card, a debit card and even be used as an electronic purse to carry Electric-cash (E-cash). The plastic card itself can incorporate oral communication and pictures or graphics printed on it which can be easily understood by the card holder as well as the people the card holder meets. The integrated circuit holds information in electronic form that can be easily, securely and accurately accessed by all sorts of electronic data processing equipment.Some Smartcards are smarter than others, the smartness of a card depends on the complexity of the embedded processor, as well as the software that is installed on the chip. nevertheless the simplest cards, like the pay phone cards, are smart enough that they are virtually impossible to copy or falsify. However, the simplest Smartcards do not provide any security against unauthorized use. In other words, if you lose your pay phone card, anyone else can use it. There are of course smarter cards that provide much(prenominal) security by incorporating a password or even a biometric identifier such as a fingerprint to restrict its use to one person. The just about sophisticated cards can manage several passwords and can use authentication and ciphering techniques to provide virtually total security.History behind Smartcards In January 1974 Roland Moreno, a Frenchman and former reporter, devised a revolutionary new payment system. His idea was an electronic stored value appli cation mounted on a ring. His idea was simple, when the bearer involve money, they would load the currency onto the ring therefore enabling the bearer to be able to spend electronic money at a store which had the suitable electronic equipment. Then in March 1974 Roland presented his project to a few French banks where he demonstrated a transaction-taking place from the ring to the reading device. In kinsfolk 1974 the first chip was mounted onto an epoxy card and this was the birth of Smartcards.Then in the next few years Smartcards evolved and took on the size of a credit card.

Foreign Affairs :: essays research papers fc

With the beginning of a seemingly endless war on terrorism, and a shaky united States economy, now hardly seems the time to examine our general policy towards all other nations, and developing nations in particular. The wreckage of the World Trade Center is still smoldering, and our legions argon marching on Kabul as I write. Nationalism is at a height only previously experienced during the World Wars. every other car you see on the highway has Old Glory proudly flying in their window or on their antenna, some dependable next to their Rebel Flag. On the surface it appears the United States has pulled together for one more righteous cause, and evil, or those that oppose the US as they are usually called, will surely fall. We wont stand for innocent attacks on civilians, and those damned Afghanis and Osama bin Laden had better hide. If you dont believe this, not only are you un-American, but you essential be a damn terrorist yourself. Quietly, however, the argument is being made among scholars and free thinkers in the United States that perhaps we are not the innocent victims we portray ourselves to be in the September 11, 2001 destruction of the World Trade Center. Some forward thinking minds even predicted a tragedy somewhat like this, albeit not on such a large scale. Unenlightened people ask why something like this could or would occur. What would make such a poor and unstable country like Afghanistan decides to stand up to the almighty United States? The answer is not an easy one, and requires a large qualifying in what we expect in foreign relations, and how we see and treat the rest of the world as a whole. The United States is one of the last remaining crack powers of the world, and we have the obligation to maintain and support good relations with the smaller and weaker nations throughout the world. We should take full advantage of this relationship in several polar ways, all without exploiting the original peoples or our own power. First the U.S. must focus on investing and trading with those nations who have yet to become economic powers. Second, we must implement a consistent foreign policy towards the Middle Eastern nations, and all third world nations in general. Third, the United States needs to respect the attempts and results of the democratisation and religious revivals in the Middle East and Latin America, while taking a passive role in letting the a Western caseful of democracy take its course.

The End of the American Civil War Essay -- American History Historical

The End of the American Civil state of warThe purpose of this paper is to show the events surrounding the close of the American Civil War. The two sides which were at war was the union and the confederacy. Which was basically the get together States separated into 2 sections going at war with each different. In this document, I will speak about those people who were involved on the battlefield towards the end of the war. The war started in 1861 and was beginning to end by January of 1865. By then, Federal (Federal was another name given to the Union Army) armies were spread throughout the Confederacy and the Confederate Army had lost a lot of men. In the category before, the North had lost an enormous amount of lives, but had more than enough to lose in comparison to the men of the South. General Grant became known as the Butcher (Grant, Ulysses S., Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, New York Charles L. Webster & Co.,1894) and many wanted to see him removed. But Lincoln stood firm with his General, and the war continued. This paper will follow the events that took place surrounded by the winter of 1864-65 and the surrender of The Confederate States of America. All of this will most certainly illustrate that April 9, 1865 was indeed the end of a tragedy. CUTTING OFF THE SOUTHIn September of 1864, General William T. Sherman and his army cleared the city of Atlanta of its civilian population. It was from there that General Sherman and his army began its famous march to the sea. The march cover a distance of 400 miles and was 60 miles wide. For 32 days no news of him reached the North. He had cut himself off from his base of supplies, and his men lived on the set ashore through which they passed. On their route, the army destroyed anything and everything that they could not use but was presumed usable to the enemy. In view of this destruction, it is understandable that Sherman quoted war is hell (Sherman, William T.,Memoirs of General William T. Sh erman. Westport, Conn.Greenwood Press, 1972). Finally, on December 20, Shermans men reached the city of Savannah and captured it. From there Sherman telegraphed to President Lincoln I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the city of Savannah, with cl heavy guns and plenty of ammunition, and also about 25,000 bales of cotton (Sherman, William T., Memoirs of General William T. Sherman. Westport, Conn. Greenw... ...n opinion. Yes, slavery was the cause of the Civil War half of the country thought it was wrong and the other half just couldnt let them go. The Union dead numbered 360,222 and only 110,000 of them died in battle. Confederate dead were estimated at 258,000 including 94,000 who actually died on the field of battle. The Civil War was a great waste in terms of human life and possible accomplishment and should be considered shameful. Before its first centennial, tragedy struck a new country and stained it for eternity. It will never be forgotten but adversity builds stre ngth and the United States of America is now a more stronger nation.Works Cited1.The Civil War, Groliers Encyclopedia, 19992.Catton, Bruce., A Stillness at Appomattox. New York Doubleday, 19633.Foote, Shelby., The Civil War, Vol. 3. New York Random, 19744.Garraty, John Arthur, The American Nation A History of the United states to 1877, Vol.1, Eighth Edition. New York HarperCollins College Publishers, 19955.Miers, Earl Schenck, The Last Campaign. Philadelphia J.B. Lippincott Co., 19726.Korn, Jerry, Pursuit to Appomattox, The Last Battles. Virginia Time-Life Books, 1987

Reality vs. Fantasy: Comparing Two Worlds in Two Fantasy Novels

Fantasy novels help subscribers step outside their everyday origination for a while to consider a subject from a several(predicate) point of view. Like the stories in C.S. Lewis The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and J.K. Rowlings blight muck about and the Philosophers Stone, both novels quiz to unite two entirely snap off worlds, the primary one which is similar to our real world and the other one that has supernatural universes that thrive within it. By presenting the differences of real and fantasise worlds, hatful cop something approximately what it means to be a human being, living with reality and imagination.As these books describe magic that often appear impossible and wondrous to commonplace people, the commonality of their quests or struggles in real life snuff its the strands that connect the readers to these make-belief worlds. As good and evil battle, often the central plot of contemporary fantasy novels, these fantasy tales can be set in our own everyda y world or in a secondary world somewhat like our own.By identifying between the real world and the fantasy world, people exercise their creative imagination as they keep in touch with those feelings and attitudes of early childishness in order to realize their creative potential. It is this non-literal mode of thinking, so prevalent during early childhood that balances and complements literal thinking.Both being fantasy novels, this article provide try to assess these strands of commonality between the fantasy novels The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone and how the laws that govern in the fantasy worlds become realistic as the writers try to rationalize these worlds and convince their readers to enjoy reading their stories..Similarities in Two FantasiesThe Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe effectively used traditional methods of answering the questions as they come, this method of enthr eaching readers empower them to discover about thin gs in the par exclusivelyel world. As the story unfolds, immediately or slowly as needed, the power C.S. Lewis began the answering of every question. For instance, the first mention of the name Narnia created such questions about what kind of world is it.Tumnus the Faun asks Lucy how she came into Narnia, and Lucy asks what the reader also wants to k directly Narnia? Whats that? Tumnus replies, This is the land of Narnia, where we atomic number 18 now all that lies between the lamp-post and the great castle of Cair Paravel on the eastern sea (LWW, 9). The reader leave alone want and need to know more, of course, but for now he or she has been supplied the necessary basic information and given adequate orientation.Another important revelation in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, when it is read first, is the buildup to the introduction of Aslan. The first book of facts to Aslan is by Mr. Beaver, when he meets the children in the woods They say Aslan is on the moveperhaps has already landed. These words create a gap for the Pevensie children andpresumablyfor the reader None of the children knew who Aslan was any more than you do but the moment the Beaver had spoken these words everyone felt quite different (LWW, 54).Similarly, in Harry Potter, although the Dursleys try to intercept the letters delivered by strange owls, readers are enthral lead to ask what those letters for? When Hagrid takes Harry away to a small island to escape, Harry learns the truth about his parents and introduces him to the sorcerous world. Harry also learns of Lord Voldemort and his murder of Harrys parents, as well as Voldemorts lingering reputation despite being inactive (even a large and strong individual like Hagrid refuses to speak his name). As Rowling introduces the secondary world of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, nothing in the Hogwarts world could be the same as Harrys world with the DursleysThere were a hundred and forty-two staircases at Hogwarts wide, sweepingones narrow, rickety ones some that led somewhere different on a Fridaysome with a vanishing step halfway up that you had to remember to jump.Then there were doors that wouldnt open unless you asked politely, ortickled them in exactly the right place, and doors that werent reallydoors at all, but solid walls just pretending. It was very hard to rememberwhere anything was, because it all seemed to move around a lot. The peoplein the portraits kept going to visit each other, and Harry was sure thecoats of armor could walk (HPAPS, 132).Like the real world, the secondary parallel worlds had their own rules that should be followed. While Narnia is based on the pretense that animals have intelligence and speech (what child hasnt wished animals could talk or pretended that they could?), the Harry Potter books pretend that magical powers are real and that wizards and witches possessing those powers really exist. In Narnia, one of the children Edmund fell under the spell of the Whit e Witch.However, her power is failing and the other children reach for Aslan, and a ruthful Edmund is rescued just as the witch is about to kill him. Calling for a truce, the witch demands that Edmund be returned to her, as an ancient law gives her possession of all traitors. Aslan, acknowledging the law, offers himself in Edmunds place and the witch accepts. In connection, Hogwarts is set like a school, the first-year students are limited to do some complex magical spells and they are assigned to houses or dormitories by sitting on a stool and putting on a singing hat that magically reads their thoughts and desires and sorts them because if the students will be assigned to Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw or Slytherin (HPAPS, 118).Making and Breaking RulesIn both stories, magic transformed into a literary device that helps the reader occur the ordinary and the familiar and enter an extraordinary and unfamiliar other world. In both Hogwarts and Narnia, readers are invited to sus pend belief in the natural and believe rather in the supernatural. For example, the natural laws of gravity are defied in Harry Potter, for example, where people can fly using brooms. The natural laws of time and chronology are suspended in Narnia, where the Pevensie children spend years in Narnia, while only a few minutes go by on the other side of the wardrobe in England. If natural laws are broken or suspended, however, there are spiritual laws that never change no matter what world the children are in.Like all rules in the real world, there is breaking of these rules that become a central part of the tradition of most fantasy storiesmuch of the tension generated in the stories comes from whether the characters will get away with what they have done. In the real world, people may not reinforce the kind of behavior. Fantasy stories, like what happened to Harry and the Pevensie children, consequences of breaking rules are shown though they do not moralize about them many of the di fficulties characters encounter are created by, or complicated by, untruths or law breaking (Griesinger, 2002).ConclusionAlthough there are few accusations that stories about magic could expose young children to the world of occult, people could delineate responsible literary approach to The Lion, Witch and The Wardrobe and Harry Potter as understood in the context of a fantasy world that is similar to reality world. This exemplified in the lessons that Harry learns from Dumbledore and in Hogwarts School and the choices he has to make to become a wise wizard, while the Pevensie children in Narnia learned to realize how the consequences of Edmunds treachery.In conclusion, The Lion, Witch and The Wardrobe and Harry Potter succeeded in reservation parallel attempts to enact the difference between the real from the fantasy world. Both are strengthening to any readers imaginations, which the children who read or interpret the stories could base their own imagination by relating to what Lewis and Rowling had shared through their stories.Works CitedGriesinger, E. Harry Potter and the Deeper Magic Narrating Hope in Childrens Literature. Christianity and Literature, 51.3 (2002) 455Lewis, C.S. The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. New York Harper-Collins, 2005 (Re-Print).Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone. New York Scholastic, 1997.

Ralph Ellison was an African American

Ralph Ellison was an African American writer and literary critic who was most recognized for the book Invisible military humans in 1952, which is written in an adaptation of the Afro-American folk and cultural tradition. In her paper Ritual and Rationalization Black Folklore in the Works of Ralph Ellison Susan Blake posited that the predominate theme in this story is the quest for cultural identity as unbeknownst to the main character, he seeks identity as a black man in a albumen society (p. 121). This is evident as Battle Royal opens with a seemingly young and conf employ black boy on the cusp of manhood, who desperately desires to belong but is unsure of how to establish himself in a world where life is stacked against him. This is an issue which can be set in todays society particularly among the black youth.For the purpose of this essay we shall analyse the events in Battle Royal in an effort to identify parallels which exist amid present day society and that of the prot agonists society in Battle Royal. The chapter is an account of inequality and racial injustices in a small town galvanic pile south in the post -colonial era, where segregation was alive. It begins with the protagonist narrating a childhood memory of his grandfathers death and his final words in passing. The grandfather had admonished the protagonists parents to teach him and the new(prenominal) young ones to be a traitor as he, the grandfather had been, so he can get ahead in a white society. These were frightful words to the family and the children, including the narrator had been rushed from the room.The boy grew, always thinking the grandfather had imparted a curse and spent his life trying to escape the clutches of the curse, for who would want to be known as a traitorous coward? The parallels which exist between our society and that of the story are embedded in the symbolism that Ellison employed as a tool in his treatment of the issues of the black society in the 1950s. Th e story is rife with symbolism for issues which may easily be identified in modern day society. First we see the dying grandfather and his last words, symbolic of the hopes and dreams of ancestors passed on to the next coevals. He has little else left to leave tush as a legacy, all he has is his wisdom.We see a confused black boy, symbolic of much of the black society, wandering aimlessly as they havent a true sense of who they were before slavery and they struggle to figure out how to begin to carve out a place in this world. The gathering at the Battle Royal, comprising of the most influential and affluent whites in the society represents the hierarchy that governs the system we live under. It also represents black perception of opportunities for a seat at the table or at the very least(prenominal), crumbs from the table a chance to win the approval of whites for social and economic advancement. Such opportunities are often used as a lure, they keep blacks hopeful, paint a pic ture of all we could accomplish but beneath the surface can be the trap that leads to destruction.The white stripper represents the fantasies of blacks, something that is often not attainable something that would often swear out as a source of embarrassment to us if they were to be known, yet they make us vulnerable. The animosity the nine boys have towards the main character symbolizes the helplessness and frustration of the black community (Blake, p.122). The protagonist represents to the boys, a constant reminder of the scourge of their belittled estate as slaves, the physical and sexual exploitation that had to have occurred to make his existence possible, for he was a ginger coloured boy, indicative of lighter tinct which is testament to a black ancestor being raped by a white master. He was tainted by this for it made him appear to be a house nigger as opposed to darker hued boys who would have been regarded as field niggers.This mentality is prolonged in present day socie ty as colorism is an issue among blacks, who feel that the lighter skinned blacks have better odds as they may have lighter skin tones and finer hair textures that may afford them more opportunities than darkies. This frustration feeds into the symbol of the blindfolded fight serving as blacks being played against each other. We lash out, not knowing why we are fighting against each other, not recognizing that the differences in each other that we pick at make no difference to whites, who still see us all as blacks. We are conditioned to adopt the philosophy of every man for himself. In essence we forsake the principle of community and abandon squad work. It sets us up for the money rug, which is symbolic of the whites dangling the proverbial carrot, a part of a sordid game that further divides us and allows them the upper hand. It relegates us to a position of grovelling, total degradation. It represents the economic struggles of blacks, who must bear unspeakable humiliation and u ndergo excruciating pain and sacrifice to make a dollar. Finally, the pure tone in the main characters dream symbolizes the ever shifting goal post the reality that the rules of the game exit always keep changing.Ellison uses the Battle Royal as a ritual rooted in slavery in which both sides accept their status and assumes their role (Art p. 175) Other writers used some sport of the Battle royal in their stories as it appears to have been a fixture of slavery in which slave owners pitted their strongest slaves against their neighbors with the plantation as the ultimate stake. In order to understand the underbelly of the basis of the symbolism in the grandfathers statement on his death bed, one must know the differences between the Sambo and John characters in African American folklore. Sambo represents the docile, subservient slave who accepts degradation while John represents the unbroken defiant slave who continually defies master.The parting words of the protagonists grandfath er serve as nuggets of wisdom for though youth and pride would have many aspiring to be a John, for longevity sake it would serve him better to be a Sambo or Samfie for though this appears to be Sambos nature, it is his greatest source of power. We see the protagonist rejecting the Sambo nature out of pride. This is still the attitude of many blacks today, for they cannot see how acting Sambo will benefit them and think it further extends the white mans narrative, that they can be no more than grovelling idiots who suck up and worship the ground that whites travel on. They refuse to accept the grandfathers philosophy that it can be harnessed and used as a tool that can pacify the whites to some degree and help blacks to eke out a living for themselves.By virtue of the staunch opposition to the Sambo stereotype, some blacks are regarded as traitors because they choose the path of least resistance to blend a prejudicial society. Those who would try to walk the path of Sambo are cal led coons, Massas boy as a label that shows disdain for their decision to travel the path of least resistance an indictment that they have somehow sold out the black race or relinquished their black card. This may result in alienation, as both whites and blacks reject such a one.By the end of the chapter the grandfathers words take on new meaning for he only wished to let the next generation know that to get ahead blacks must outsmart the white man by playing the white mans game of black subservience, but know at all times that you wont win on their terms. Take footsteps of Sambo, for Sambo can fly under the radar but John will draw heat from Massa and they will always seek to break John. The takeaway then, is that we should continue to go to the schools, take the scholarships, seek to accomplish by the white mans standards but know that for him this is entertainment and so the game of send the fool a little further will always be part of the black mans reality.

Martin Scorsese

Martin Scorsese remains angiotensin-converting enzyme of the most interesting directors in film history. He has long since been lauded as one of the true great auteurs and cinematic geniuses of modern times yet commercial success has often eluded him. Yes, he has had films that did well at the box office, but he also had a number of bombs and marginal hits. Quality wise, his films are truly special and this is why he has a solid base of loyal fans. deep down that base are a number of people who seem to hone in on Scorseses affinity for the downtrodden, the disaffected and the outsiders. 1TAXI DRIVER, for example, was fantabulous in the manner in which it effectively portrayed New Yorks squalid multiplication Square wasteland as the perfect backdrop for the life of a loner who matt-up completely alone in a world in which he did not feel he belonged. The advertising tagline of the film went along the lines somewhere in the world there is a loner trying to fit in. Since the loner is an outcast he feels comfortable living amidst the squalor of the denizens of the classic image of Times Square, a brutal image of paste urban decay that has long since been forgotten,Such loneliness and rebellious imagery of outcasts has long since permeated Scorseses films. GANGS OF NEW YORK, THE DEPARTED, MEAN STREETS and GOODFELLAS tout ensemble in all seek to show a world where loners wish to live outside of the norms of society so as to craft their own unique hole in the world where they and their ilk can live. Then again, one does not have to be a sociopath or a gangster to wallow in this type of outlook.One could be a dancer/musician as seen in NEW YORK, NEW YORK or a pool hustler as seen in THE COLOR OF MONEY or a reclusive billionaire as evidenced by THE AVIATOR. Regardless of what type of character the director is presenting he ceaselessly falls back on the notion that the character is a disaffected loner trying to forge a place in society against all odds and all prob lems. Often, this makes for compelling viewing and even more compelling characters.If there was a film that departed from this notion it would be CAPE FEAR, a remake that was probably Scorseses weakest film. A remake of a film noir CAPE FEAR removed the film noir elements and replaced then with 1980s style slasher movie conventions.2 It didnt work and finish being more of a lame albeit wildly commercially successful B-movie that has a minor cult following. Stick with the original instead,Scorsese remains a brilliant and inspiring director despite the fact that his subject matter has a tendency to wallow in the depressing. But, his films are not without hope or without a clear morality tale. Because of this the subject matter often rises above the nihilism or flaws of its characters and becomes a stunning insight into humanity and it foibles.BibliographyChristie, Ian. Scorsese on Scorsese. New York Faber and Faber, 2004.Harland, Pamela. (2001) reappraisal of CAPE FEAR. Retrieved April 18, 20081 Christie, Ian. Scorsese on Scorsese. New York Faber and Faber, 2004 2 Harland, Pamela. Review of CAPE FEAR.

International Management and Ethics: Culture Dimensions

INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT & ETHICS ACTIV-1 ACTIVITY 1 TOPIC 1 CULTURAL DIMENSIONS DIALOGUE 1 1) Which ethnical differences realize the misunderstanding or confusion? Which cultural dimensions female genitalia help us understand the home? On my understanding of the situation obtaining in mastermind that when in a multicultural dialogue, many meanings can be found or understood by just context without the use of words I believe that the confusion has its origin by the cultural difference amongh both characters. The conversation lied on Mr. Bakrshoulders although Mr.Amstrong tried to redirect it to the field that was occupying his mind exclusively without success. Mr Bakr has the strongest part of the dialogue having a flexible concept of judgment of conviction, paying more attention to social talks affair small talks in this specialized case , focusing to address the conversation to become more social and mentioning the religion makes Mr. Amstrong to have a conflict with h is cultural dimensions. Mr Bakr coming from an arab culture with this dialogue shows to be polychronic, particularistic, laterality oriented and collectivist.The reality could be a little bit different from my own words here. We need also to bear in mind the context where this conversation is taking place, the circumstances and sometimes, even the mood of the interlocutors. Mr Amstrong really wants to skip the social talk to stick into business scarce should he knew that Mr Bakrs culture gives more importance to social talk rambling would have accept it and take some more time on this to try to redirect the conversation to his key point afterwards. 2) How do you think that the muckle involved feel in regards to his / her partner?How would they interpret the other companionships answers? I think in this case Mr Amstrong may have felt a feeling of frustration as well as disordered since he can think that Mr Bakr has been rude to him for avoiding the topic he wanted to talk about it. Mr Bakr may have not probably even spy Mr Amstrongs troubles otherwaise he could have done something change it during their conversation. However Mr Bakr could also feel upset for Mr Amstrongs insistence on the distribution subject. So from a small thing could become a big misunderstanding and depending on the context this could be a very grave problem.Maite Molina Sabate MIBTM INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT & ETHICS ACTIV-1 3) What would be helpful to avoid misunderstandings? Why is Mr. Amstrong unsuccessful trying to get the conversation where he wanted? This may be due to that Amstrongs and Bakrs cultural dimensions were just opposite to each others and neither of them tried to understand each others different cultures and respect that it is necessary to set oneself to others at some stage and show respect. And this should have been done by both parts. In real life this is not natural event as often as it should.Most situations are resolved by one of the characters taking the l ead and the other respecting the culture difference and filling the gap as better as possible showing respect. But before introducing ourselves in another culture context either by a meeting, a business trip or any sort of communion with someone from abroad we should need be more conscious about the possible cultural differences and memorise a little bit about customs and facts from that other culture in order to understand better the person who we will communicate with and the communication we will be holding.DIALOGUE 2 1) Which cultural differences cause the misunderstanding or confusion? Which cultural dimensions can help us understand the situation? I dont see any confusion or misunderstanding in this second dialogue but an understanding. However if a subliminal confusion or misunderstanding is flowing it might be for the situation itself. Carolinas priority is her daughters illness and so taking her at the rectifys appointment whilst Alice is thinking in setting up a time t o hold a meeting.Fortunately this meeting can be reschuled so in that locations not a big problem on this situation. Cultural dimensions that could bring this situation would be from Carolina polycronic (her sense of times and priorities can be various from anglos Alice), particularistic (decisions can be made by subjective decisions like in this case), a little bit egalitarian (in this case theres no hierarchical since the meeting will be moved for everybody due to Carolinas personal reasons and this brings us to the individualist concept as well.For Alice could be as follows Hierarchical, collectivist (she moves the meetings day to meet Carolinaschedule) and harmony oriented since she is willing to adapt her and the fellow colleagues to Carolinas needs. 2) How do you think that the people involved feel in regards to his / her partner? How would they interpret the other partys answers? I believe that in this situation Alice may feel forbid since she cannot help but moving the me eting to help Carolinaschedule. Very understandable and comprehensive by her side but leaving business hierarchy and control aside.If every employee would ask for a change that would be needed and finding a date for a single meeting could be a nightmare every time that the question would arise. So some organization should be on demand or companys polity to try to complot this gap at Maite Molina Sabate MIBTM INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT & ETHICS ACTIV-1 the same time as supporting employees that need some sort of help with personal and professional lifes. Carolina can feel very relieved to have Alices acceptance and support for the situation and very valuable for the company since not just understand the situation but change the date so she can assist. ) What would be helpful to avoid misunderstandings? In this case a good communication and having an internal policy to follow that would organize this and support either the employees as well as managers. Good communication is important because Alice could knew about Carolinas problem earlier and reschedule the meeting beforehand and not just the day before. Carolina should know that a company needs an organization a hierarchegy so if she needs some time off that should be regulated and everybody that should need to be informed beforehand. Maite Molina Sabate MIBTM

Cell phones Essay

Every time a person answers his/hers cell phone, their rubber and the safety of others around them are organism greatly jeopardized. cadre Phones straightaway pose a major risk to the homosexual body and civilian population. When cell phones heat up they emit shaft of light that known to increase the chances of someone getting cancer. Besides cancer, other medical complications such as, arthritis and damaged sleep have increased thought the use of cellular devices. Not only do cell phones cause medical problems, but they also pose a huge security threat with individualised information being easily stolen. Overall, the safety of humans is being compromised by the use of the seemingly harmless device, cell phones.Many doctors and scientists are claiming that cell phones are causing medical complications. For instance, the National genus Cancer Institute states, Cell phones emit radiofrequency energy, a from of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, which can be absorbed by t s tep ups closest to where the phones is held (Cell Phones and Cancer Risk). What this is basically saying, is that the radiation being put out from the cell phones are damaging vital tissues, which is known to increase the risk of cancer.This links back to the main idea of the boilers suit safety of humans, showing that cell phones do cause a serious risk factor to the human body. Another common concern with cell phones is the opening that texting can cause arthritis Repetitive motion can cause pain and inflammation of the basal joint. It can even lead to thumb arthritis (Eustice). The article confirms that the ageless motion of the thumbs can indeed cause arthritis.The safety of the consumer is being compromised when a popular means of communication such as texting, can lead to a major medical complication. Recent studies show that headaches are increasing tremendously due to cell phones Radiation from mobile phones damages sleep and cause headaches, harmonize to a study by telep hone makers (carter). In this study, researchers found an increasing number of headaches were occurring with people who use cell phones regularly opposed to people who ra desire use them or dont use them at all. An increase in headaches is very dangerous to the safety of the human body and can be a gateway to many other complications down the road. After an extensive amount of research, doctors and scientists have found that cell phones do cause medical issues to the human body.Cell phones security is a fairly new issue brought up by a numerous amount of concerned citizens, with the fear that their safety is being jeopardized. As technology increases, more and more people are resorting to devices, such as cell phones, to get them thought the day The more people rely on cell phones and tablets, the more attractive these devices become as targets to thieves and other nefarious types (Gahran). With all of these devices being used constantly, crooks can easily retrieve the personal in formation any personal information any person puts out there through the devices they are using.This has become a huge safety issue due to the fact that private information is being stolen from people who expect their information on their cell phones to be safe and secure. A man was shown an employment on his cell phone that could link up to other peoples cell phones It made all the strains start jumping over to this phone, state Gooden (Kridler). Gooden explained that the application he was shown let him easily access his wifes phone contacts. His friend that introduced this application to Gooden then went to explain that hackers usually take the contact information and dial premium-rate numbers.The safety of the people who are in others contact information is being compromised when they have result in paying a tumble for calling these premium-rate numbers because of someone else stealing their numbers. Boktah, an expert security hacker, states Most people have no idea how vulne rable they are when they use their cellphones (Murphy). Bokaths job is to hack into cell phones to find and express all of the flaws in the devices, thus demonstrating how easy it is for a hacker to do the same. With all the scamming going on, consumers request to be aware of what they do on their cell phones to protect themselves, as well as the safety of others. Safety from personal information being stolen by hackers happens to be key concern to numerous amounts of people this way people will not be liable for paying fees or having their identity stolen.Cell phones safety is a key concern, which the vast majority of users brood over. Cellular devices have been known to cause cancer as well as, an increasing amount of medical problems. Some of these problems are arthritis and damaged sleep. Medical complications are not the only concern a breach in security is another enlighten concern for people. In essence, safety is top priority for humans, and cell phones are compromising th at safety.

Persuasive Speech on Social Networking Essay

Since the Internet has rapidly propagated, cordial media has progressed rapidly. The widespread make for use of of mobile devices to access the internet gradually transformed the nature of our well-disposed interactions. approximately large number use smart phvirtuosos, iPhone or mobile internet devices to soft access social network. Since the function that good deal trick interact online through and through social media, chat or shargon information with each new(prenominal). It helps us contact friends, family, and other slew blush if they live far away. The service they offer percolate by using it argon very impressive, just nigh of people down their own account for participating. Although social media leads people to have to a greater extent interaction and promotes long distance human relationships, it has a lot of bad things that make us out of control.see moresocial networks and our young generation. some of social media substance abusers are addicted and they became more isolated by using social media. Social media has many advantages nevertheless, it burn down be abused in moments by young children if we are non careful, because they can easily access social media. We need to understand and regulate the use of social media by young children. My own view is that we should understand and regulating the use of social media by young children, because overusing social media can create strong addictions, develop mental or physical disorders, and waste our time.First of all, social media, such as Facebook, are very addictive. Especially, people who are lonely can beget easily addicts. Human is social animal, so they insufficiency to make relationship with others. People would say drug or alcohol is more addictive and harmful for children than social media social media addiction is not a big riddle. Unfortunately, it is not true. Social media can lead to compulsive behavior. A report of the social media addiction by University of Chicag os Booth School of Business says in that respect is evidence to show as well that social behaviors like hugs and smiles are associated with dopamine release its possible that social media is pleasurable and becomes addictive via the dopamine mechanism just as drugs or alcohol can. In the light of these facts, surely social media can make addicts, and it is hard-fought to escape.The problem is roughly people who have an addiction to social media and do not even realize it. Children, also, can easily get mental and physical disorders through using social media. People might think social media does not contribute to disorders. They argue that social media is good for mental diseases because it help them express theirfeelings or thought easily. Also, through social media, they can be more connected with each other. However, as stated above, if children become addicts, naturally we could think they have emotional instability. Social media offers circumscribed real interaction, throu gh online contact. On the Mental Health Blog, psychologist, Aric Sigman claimed Spending too much time online could lead to social isolation, loneliness and a negative outlook. These types of mental symptoms could eventually lead to more serious health concerns, such as heart disease, cancer and dementia. (Sigman) Using social media disturbs make deep relationship with others. When they are using social media they do not need to move or be active. As a result, it leads to mental and physical disorders.Social media can become handicap in our life. In this sense, social media can hinder people to improve their talents. People think social media is good place to show their talents or works what they did. For example, they argue people can share video clip what they playing the instruments or dancing or singing. However, if you are not good at those things and if you spend time to do social media, it would be hard to improve your talents. Using social media steals your time what really want to do. If you do not ease up attention, your time would go very fast, and it could not be returned. If you read books, or study, exercise, or practice something that you want to do instead of using social media, it would be much better for you and your future life.I conducted surveys about relationships between using social media and studying last semester. Most students answered using social media is not instrumental for studying. Also, students who got good grades spent just a little time to use social media. These results can be adjusted to young children because they are more easily influenced by social media.Especially, the young generation and children are easy to be exposed to environments which using social media. Social media are favorite not but along with teens or youngsters it is growing among working people and also adults. Social media is regarded as an addiction and many people are becoming addicts every day. It can occur mentally and physically and makeyou w aste time. As you can see, we need to understand and regulate the use of social media by young children. The most famous social networks, YouTube, Facebook and Skype are included. It is important to know why people have to use social media carefully and need some restrictions when using it. Many people love social media because of its wide connectivity and functions that people can receive it for free it does not require money to make an account and use it.Facebook is the most visible among various social media. First thing that people get impressed is, Facebook makes possible to create a deep networking between users. Since each user has a right to accept or refuse the friend request, the interest by people is high enough. Moreover people tend to allow the others friend request who have same thoughts and characteristics, by this reason it is able to maintain an intimate relationship. Not only users can leave causerie on others post and the other user reply to that comment, by doin g this continuing communication can be accomplished. So, it is a same answer of users that deep networking can be made naturally. The second benefit is, it is good in long distance relationship. The survey from the Telegraph which is a famous report in United Kingdom, tells that Social networks such as Facebook are helping to inspire a boom in long distance relationships. The number of people who have a partner that lives more than two hours away increased about twice in the last 10years.Three quarters of them say that by using social network such as Facebook and MySpace where everything can be shared, they were able to maintain their long-distance relationship. In my case, I am not biography with my family. I live in Utah and my family live in Korea. It is hard to contact each other and I cannot know what my family is doing their country and also they do not know what I am doing in this country. But after we started to use Skype, we can check each other what we daily do. If I wa nt to see my familys face, I can see by using videophone. Even though I and my family live far away about 5500miles, we can check each other status whenever we want because of development of social media. Even if Facebook and MySpace, those kinds of social media have various advantages, it receives less attention than the bad personal effects of social media. The most serious problem of social media is addiction. One reporter described that Text messaging is no longer the biggest teenage obsession, and long bygone are the days where the biggest worries for parents were celebrity crushes, massive phone bills fromridiculously long phone calls and chocolate overloads.These teenage obsessions calm exist, but in todays day and age, and in comparison to the Facebook craze, they seem rather insignificant This huge issue also applied to me and my friends. When I came to Utah first, I had a hard time conversing with the people in this country. For learning English I decided to do Facebook rather than reading books or watching television, which is effective but not fun method. Because of Facebooks worldwide connection, I was able to have more time and chance to communicate with my school friends. Soon, I could talk with Utah friends about private things and school work. As my relationship gets stronger, the time I spent doing Facebook extended, chat on-line and do applications already took a place in my life. I felt logging on Facebook was the best time ever in Utah since it helps me to learn language, to make friends, and to escape from boring life on abroad. But, the problem began with doing Facebook actively. My primary work of the day was doing Facebook.I preferred doing Facebook more than any other important work, including doing homework, exercising, sleeping, and even going to school. When I realized there was a problem, it was after I was addicted to Facebook. With my cousins help I could get away from Facebook, the dangerous social network. But some of my fri ends are still suffering from a Facebook with addiction. Another thing is that some person becomes lonelier after using social media. Most people might think that because social media have a benefit that give more opportunity to people to have more interactions through social network, people can strengthen relationship with their friends by chatting and leaving comments on each others wall and even people could make new friends by online meeting.Opposed to their thoughts, it is not. According to interview with Dr. pot Cacioppo, who is a professor in neuroscience at the University of Chicago, tells that You can end up online so much that you end up sacrificing face-to-face contact. Having 4000 friends on Facebook might make you feel that you have lots of friends, but you have no face-to-face contact. In that case, loneliness INCREASES (Johnson). It is not possible to make real relationship if people do not meet face to face. The people who were not talkative and social would be wors e. One of my friends could example of this. He was poor at interacting with friends, he could not participate in our conversation and if we initiated a conversation, he stepped behind and went to his place.After he started using social media, the number of interaction with friends decreased. And he even did not make new friends through social media and he became less social. It led him to feel more loneness and seriously he tried to suicide once. It was one of happening events around me result of using social media. It is a really serious problem in this society. It is related to humans life. This big problem is not facing to us. In conclusion, although social media has lots of benefits that are attractive and helpful to us, it usually gives more harmful influences than good effects. Like an addiction and takeoff advertising, it is not anymore a small problem that can be ignored. To make better future, it is really important to use social media carefully. All things are depended on you.

How Successful Was the New Economic Policy

The New Economic Policy (NEP) was a bar use in order to counter the arguably disastrous effects fight communism. The New Economic is controversial. well-nigh historians argue it eitherowed the Soviet economy to solidify and begin to recover, and also allowed the Bolsheviks to retain soften over Russia. Others, standardised Orlando Figes, state it was ultimately a failure, arguing that under the NEP the peasants grew away from the Bolshevik regime, inviting a future, and brutal, reassertion of telephone exchange control. This essay will discuss the effectiveness of the NEP sparingalally and politically as well as outlining fight fabianism and why it failed Michael Lynch argues that By 1921, the grim economic situation had undermined the original justification for fight communism. During its operation, industrial and agricultural labor had fallen alarmingly. War collectivism was first introduced as an extreme economic measure in order to deal with problems created duri ng the Civil War as well as modify the Army to be fed.However in accordance with Lynch, the policy did not improve Russias productivity or indeed the Bolshevik popularity. The existence of the Cheka and the trigger- joyful Army enabled Lenin to embark on the policy of centralisation. This resulted in a postulateable increase in Bolshevik influence in the factories via the infiltration of the Workers committees by political commissars. This development helped prepare the way for issuing the Decree of Nationalisation in June 1918 and within two years it brought practically all major industrial enterprises in Russia under central political relation control.Yet patriotism did nothing to increase production due to being imposed at the time of severe industrial disruption caused initially by the strains of World War One but which worsened during the Civil War. moreover the military needs were precondition priority thus denying resources to those industries not considered essential. The situation was made more serious by factories being deprived of man power as a result of conscription into the Red army and f combust from urban areas of large numbers of inhabitants who left field in search of food or by means of escape from the Civil War.This led to the population of Petrograd and Moscow to drop by half(a) mingled with 1918 and 1921 causing a dramatic decrease in Russias productivity. Problems were deepened further by hyper- pomposity. The scarceness of goods and the governments policy of continuing to print currency notes effectively destroyed the value of coin and by the end of 1920 the rouble had fallen to 1% of its worth in 1917. Ultimately War Communism tightened the Bolsheviks grip on industry but did not lead to economic growth. kitchen-gardening was also largely affected by War Communism. A major purpose of War Communism was to force the peasants to provide more food.However peasants were resistant to the governments demands and this was largely blamed on the Kulaks who the Bolsheviks claimed were hoarding the texture. As a result the government become infuriated by the peasants refusal to conform and condemned them as counter-revolutionaries and put downored to coercion. Cheka requisition units were sent into the countryside to take the grain by force. In 1920 the order was given to hang one hundred kulaks publically in order to terrify the population however this seemed to eat up the reverse effect of the one intended.With the knowledge that any surplus would be confiscated, peasants produced the bare minimum to hunt themselves and their family. By 1921 a combination of requisitioning, draught and general disruption of war resulted in national shortage with grain harvests in 1920 and 1921 being less than half that gathered in 1913. The matters became so desperate that the Bolsheviks admitted famine and accepted foreign assistance however foreign help was too late to prevent wad starvation. Of the 10 million of the C ivil War period over half starved to death.Although War Communism proved catastrophic in terms of industrial and agricultural output the Bolsheviks saw it as avowedly collectivism due to the squeezing of the peasants and the ending of private ownership. Even after the Red Armys victory in the Civil War, the policy of War Communism was maintained. As a short-term measure the policy produced the results Lenin wanted but severity increased Bolshevik unpopularity resulting in a number of fry outbreaks of resistance during the 1920s. But the Kronstadt Rising of 1921 proved to be highly disturbing to Lenin as he depict it as the lightening flash that illuminated the true reality of things.Lynch claims that As long as unrest was confined to the peasants and the Bolsheviks political enemies it was a containable problem but Lenin began to worry over the development of War Communism within the party itself. The two prominent Bolsheviks involved Alexander Shlyapnikov, labour commissar, and Alexandra Kollontai, who led a workers Opposition movement against the excess of war communism. Kollontai accused party leaders of losing touch with the proletariat and from this, groups of workers in Petrograd went on strike in early 1921 justifying their actions in the proclamation than change is needed in the policies of the government.By February 1921 thousands of Petrograd workers crossed the naval base on Kronstadt claiming that Russia should be better, not worse, than Tsarist multiplication ,as the Bolshevik government claimed Russia to be a workers state. In an attempt to pacify strikers Lenin sent a team of political commissars to Kronstadt who were greeted with derision. In early March, the sailors and workers of Kronstadt produced a manifesto. It was not the demands that frightened the Bolsheviks but the people who drafted them as the workers and sailors of Kronstadt had been great and popular supporters of the Bolsheviks in 1917.Shelia Fitzpatrick describes them as The Kronstadters, heroes of the July Days and supporters of the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution, had become al close to legendary figures in Bolshevik mythology. Now they were repudiating the Bolsheviks revolution, denouncing the irresponsible rule of the commissar and calling for a true society republic of workers and peasants. The danger for the Bolsheviks was that due to their popularity of the Kronstadters revolted the rest of the people would be due to follow. The rising was finally crushed when Trotsky ordered the Red Army to push the Kronstadt base with violent results.Lenin took an important lesson from the Kronstadt uprising which was to avoid scandal and embarrassment of another open repugn to his party and government and so decided it was time to soften his severity of war communism ahead(p) to the introduction of the NEP in order to tackle the famine and thus prevent further uprising. The majority of historians harbor that the NEP was certainly an economic success compared to the catastrophe of War Communism with both Shelia Fitzpatrick and Orlando Figes agreeing that NEP was introduced as an impoverished solution to desperate economic conditions.Lenin is a pragmatic character and so seeing that peasants could not be strained to produce more food so instead must be persuaded and thus temporarily cast off the idea of War Communism. The success of the NEP can in reality notwithstanding be measured by its aims. The NEP was set up primarily to stabilise the economy this included decreasing inflation, increase agricultural and industrial production and re-establishing barter outside of the country. The other major aim of the policy was to minimise the gap amid the worker and the peasant in order to get peasant co-operation and support.Due to the fact that the NEP was set up as a result of Kronstadt its other aim is to demolish the possibility of such(prenominal) a sedition happening again. Many reforms took place in Russia due to the NEP. U nder the NEP the Government stopped its policy of requisitioning the peasants stallion crop and instead began to take alone what was needed to meet the minimum requirements of the army and the urban workers. frozen tax in kind was introduced and although the peasants were forced to pay the tax, they were now allowed to shift the remainder of their crop for profit.They could sell either privately or to the state. This gave peasants the initiative to grow more crops as a result the grain harvest went up from 37. 6 million tons in 1921 to 72. 5 million tons in 1925. This was a success of the NEP as it increased agricultural production to Russias pre-war levels, which helped to stabilise the economy. Nationalisation was minimised with only the large industries remaining under state control. However, this was still a lot as 85% of the custody worked for state enterprises, the rest for private enterprises or co-operatives.Also conscription of the workforce was abandoned. Over the cou rse of quint years, the NEP allowed industrial and agricultural output to rise to its pre-war levels. In this sense, the NEP did achieve economic reco truly. However, the NEP was bitterly disliked by many leading communists who saw it as a reversal of everything they believed which will be discussed later in the essay. Although industrial production increased at a slower pace than agricultural production, which caused many problems such as the scissors crisis in 1923, it did increase. For example, coal in 1921 did not exceed 8. million tons plot in 1925, it was around 18. 1 million tons, and steel production increased nearly 10 times from 183 thousand tons being produced in 1921 to 2135 thousand tons in 1925. However industry did not attain the same levels of recovery as agriculture and did not reach the pre-war level. This shows that the NEP was no-hit in increasing industrial production. However, the increase in heavy industry was not as great as light industry, consequently it suffered in comparison. Trade with foreign countries was also reintroduced, as earlier it had been prohibited.The ban against complimentary swap was lifted too so the whole population was permitted to passel with one another. The state only had control over 15% of the trade the rest was under Nepmen or co-operative control. However, the boom in private trade led to a widening gap between abounding and poor. This can clearly be seen by the sudden rise in unemployment in the first two years of the setting up of the NEP. there was a lot of anger focused on the Nepmen, who were seen as the fresh class, between rich and poor. The workers also felt resentful towards the Bolsheviks as they felt the NEP was sacrificing their class interests in favour of the peasantry. in that locationfore although the NEP allowed reposition trade and re-established foreign trade, not everyone benefited from it. And in fact this lead to the very thing communism went against class. Nepmen became the ne w beneficiaries, as they grew rich. Also, the gap between rich peasants and poor ones increased as class, once again became an issue. In addition, a new currency was set up to ease the economic problem. This currency was known as the chervontsy. However, they were in heavy demand and only available in large denominations. The rouble was still good tender until February 1924.Inflation can clearly be seen as in January 1921 there was 1,169 milliards of roubles in circulation and by January 1923 there were 1, 9994,464 milliards. This clearly shows that a change in currency was needed. Although this helped the economy as the rate of inflation decreased slightly, it did not do enough to help the people and their financial difficulties. The NEP did minimise the gap between workers and peasants. The policy meant that peasants could make more of a profit as they were allowed to sell their own produce and trade with others. It also encouraged them to work harder.However, it was the peasants who suffered most due to inflation. Although they made capital, it was worth little in industry. In this way the NEP had been partly a success as it had minimised the gap and made things better for the peasants but did not improve everything. As for the NEPs other aim, that being avoiding another rebellion like Kronstadt, the policy was winning as there was no threat of them ever losing power. Although there were protests against the NEP or some parts of it, boilersuit these were unthreatening to Bolshevik power and were ignored or came to an end after a while.Aside from economic issues, the NEP also caused dispute amongst the Bolsheviks themselves in political terms. As Fitzpatrick argues From the communist standpoint NEP was a retreat, and a fond(p) admission of failure. Many Communists felt deeply disillusioned it seemed that the revolution had changed so little. The NEP was a mixture of socialism and capitalism and was referred to as a step bear for the Bolsheviks as they had just defended socialism in the genteel war but was now retreating into capitalism and the old ways. A major objection from theBolsheviks was the reintroduction of money and private trading had created the Nepmen. It was the profiteering that Victor Serge, a representative of the Left Bolsheviks, had in mind when he describe the immediate social effects of NEP the cities we ruled over assumed a foreign aspect, we felt ourselves sink into the mire. Money lubricated and befouled the entire machine just as under capitalism As the NEP had become such a contentious issue among the Bolsheviks Lenin introduced the banning of factionalism as well as outlawing all other parties except from Bolshevism.The object of this was to eliminate party disputes and political rivals and to a certain extent this worked. In conclusion, the NEP was successful to a certain extent. Because of the New Economic Policy the Soviet economy revived quickly. There was more food from the farmers there were good s in the shops and outdoor markets, However many Bolshevik members did not consider the NEP as socialism and thought that it was a betrayal of communist principles. On the whole the NEP was a success. It met most of its aims. The policy helped stabilise the crumbling economy and re-established pre-war levels.The policy decreased the rate of inflation, it increased agricultural and industrial production, it allowed free trade and re-established foreign trade. However, some of these aims it only met partly. For example although the rate of inflation did decrease it was still very high and the NEP did not stop it completely. Industry production also suffered as a result of the NEP. Although its production increased its prices rose due to the fast increase of agriculture. Trade also caused problems like the re-establishment of classes.So these aims were only partly successful and created many other problems. The NEP tried to minimise the gap between peasants and workers. Many of the aim s in stabilising the economy were for the peasants benefits like the end of requisitioning and allowing them to trade. However, the high prices in industry and high inflation left the peasants with money which was not worth as much. However, the policy did try to get peasant support. It was partly successful in bringing workers and peasants together, however many workers felt let down by the party that was supposed to cater to their needs.The fact no major rebellions threatened the Communists shows that the policy had kept many people happy and those that protested were insignificant or in such small numbers they were unable to mount a passable threat on the party. Thus the NEP was one of the major factors that had enabled the survival of Communism in Russia. The step back from socialism and the reintroduction of capitalism had worked. Peasant uprisings virtually ceased, the economy recovered and the Bolshevik regime was consolidated

The Thread That Runs So True A Brief Summary

The vivid flesh out puts the reader into era that Stuart lived. He gives some information most his life, but most importantly he tells about the community in which he taught school and the ideas of the people around that time, and the emphasis they put on education. He talks about his baby and how that may have been the deciding factor that made him take up to teach. He talk about L starsome valley and the people thither, along with his long time wizard Don Conway. rib Hawkins is probably one of the most pivotal people in his career he came across.Some of the things Stuart had to do in his career would definitely not be acceptable in this twenty-four hour period a time. The first chapter of the book tells how his decision to teach and where he chose as his first school was at. His sister had taught there a year earlier and one of the students Guy Hawkins had blacked both her eyes and beat her up middling bad. He lied about his age to get the teaching certificate. His parents q uestioned his motive for teaching and choosing the school he chose. He assured them it was not for vengeance.Stuart was not intentionally looking for a fight but he was determined not to let them get away With hurting his sister. When he got the job he was take aback at the condition of the school house ND how the people in the area didnt make their kids go to school. He did understand in those times all members of the family had to help with the chores of the house. Once the crops were harvested then the attendance picked up. It was a one room school with grades one through eight. He was expecting the student who beat up his sister to in ideate the encode enter. angiotensin-converting enzyme that Stuart was not looking forward to he was smaller than Guy. Late one day Guy came sneaking around the school looking for Stuart. In the school house he confronted him and told Stuart about beating up his sister and he was ongoing to do the same to him. Stuart had run this converge through his mind more than once his preparedness gave him an upper hand. When Guy lunged for Stuart it was pretty much over from the start. Stuart was the victor he won the fight. But more importantly he won the respect of Guy and the whole community.Stuart was the only person to defeat Guy in a fight. Plus Lonesome valley people lived with the mentality might makes right. The stronger your was the better. He cleaned up the school house and repainted it. The next year he had a better idea of what he had to do. The attendance picked up, he was involved in his kids lives. And he showed a lot in the community how a proper education was worth its weight in coal. One of the people in the community came by with a wagon of coal. He had his students estimate its weight.When the man took it to marketplace he was shocked to see he had been cheating himself for many years because he was inaccurately astute how much he had. Jesse realized how politics and social structure played a part in the gene ral lives. People judged everyone on just about everything where they went to church what they wore, or who they talked to. It was a very judgmental and politically motivated time. He became interested in a women in the next town, he tells about one night getting ambushed while walking to see her. He was egged and had gunshots fired over his head.He took his divide out of this one room school and put them against a city school in an donnish challenge and won. Shocking most of the people in the big city school who made cheer of the group as they entered town. His way of teaching and figuring what needed to be done in the classroom was what got his students the achievements they did. His determination to succeed is what fueled his willingness to teach. From his time at this school he went on to be head at Landlubbers High. He still walked to school because teacher salaries were not much.It took dedicated people to be teachers. He faced similar challenges as far as attendance goes. He started his career as main(prenominal) walking to school five miles it was then he found out people were questioning if he died his clothes because they were discovered. That is when he learned of an unwritten rule about the principal having to live in town. When he moved to the local hotel e seen why he had attendance problems. His students were out all hours of the night. He discover them drinking, gambling and rebel rousing.He came across a game behind the school fence one day as he walked by he asked oho was winning causing the students to scramble. He said nothing to them it was the prediction that was torturing the students. But one thing he learned was if the POT was not in bargain he was not going to get anywhere with punishments. When they called a meeting and during the meeting he was impeach of letting it go on he confronted them. Telling them exactly what he observed and what children were involved, many were with child(p) figures in the community.It was then t hat he was able to implement changes and make the school better for all the students at the time. Throughout Stuart career as an educator he had many trials and triumphs. What was amazing is how education was view at the time. The emphasis was not to educate but to give them something to do in the off period of market-gardening in rural Kentucky. In the city it was not as much as the off season but the social standing was what decided whether the child was a success in life. It as interest to see how much teachers got paid and how they were at the mercy of the people who sponsored them.

Become An Organ Donor

Research show that up to seven lives argon accumulated (two lungs one heart, pancreas, and liver and two kidneys) for every individual who decides to donate an reed organ after death. Consequently, nine patients die each sidereal day due to organ shortage. If every healthy and competent individual is provideing to donate an organ originally or after death, then it is most likely to however an immense number of sick or dying patients and much more offer their respective families a sturdy relief for that so-called submit of life. (Lauritzen, McClure, Smith, & Trew, 2001) electronic organ donation has al agencys been a contr everywheresial issue in the society especially among families who ar against such perception. Health organizations such as the Center for Organ Recovery and Education and other Organ Procurement Organizations came up with the idea that the discretion with regard to organ donation app atomic number 18ntly flows on the donors decision, thus making the family only get in plaster casted with the documented wish of the donor (May, Aulisio, & DeVita, 2000).Surveys vehemence the idea that there are numerous accidents that occur per day and normally, these individuals would need organs to re out some(prenominal) it is that has been damaged (Joralemon & Cox, 2003). It may then be taken to assumption that out of the 37,000 Ameri thunder mugs waiting to receive the hold of life (DeJong, 1995)to restore their good health per seit would be more efficient if there will be many who would voluntarily donate some of their organs even when they are ease viable compared to that when they are already dead.As a matter of fact, there occurred Congress legislative proposals which are coherently follow by the American Medical Association, the United Network for Organ Sharing and the American Society for remove Surgeons. In essence, through these laws, the families of the donors are to be fall apartn the self-assurance that the body is dissociable f rom the self and can be treated like propertythese are proposals to compensate families for transplantable organs which are convention momentum. (Joralemon & Cox, 2003)It has also been observed that the number of organ donors surprisingly increased given the fact that the Congressional plug-in comprises to tax credits for cadaveric donations (Joralemon & Cox, 2003). Further, it would grant moderate incentivesfuneral assistancesaccording to donor rate. The pure altruism live with of the organ donation systemmeaning that it will be under the consent of the donors familyor that on the basis of express consentwhere the deceaseds documented wish where the close of kith and kin would not be able to supersede with the donors decision.In these kinds of system, the system would help save lives and one point or another financially help those who are let off living in a manner of assurance-foundation. (May et al. , 2000) There exists several risks on organ donation, like plastic surgery , the addressee is talked to decide over his or her own riskthough insurance policies are there to collide in formthus it must be kept in mind that there will always be unexpected circumstances to surface (DeJong, 1995).With this, organ transplant schema would be assessed to be of mutual hit over that of the recipient and the donor. Examples of organ and tissue donation include cornea, bone marrow, hearts, livers, lungs, pancreases, and spleens and many more helpless on what is needed by the surgeon (Lauritzen et al. , 2001). The donations made are explicitly beneficial and helpful in all of humanity. However, like other occurrences, there are always these instances where the donation process takes a hemipteran on the procedure.Like what doctors say, not all surgeries are successful inasmuch as there is no total assurance that a cancer patient will not be saved. Hence these kinds of issues only take place when there are anticipated circumstances like the donor is suffering from h eart disease or other illnesses which could gravely affect the procedurebut that is impossible to happen since the medical team are to turn over several tests and diagnoses first to be able to distinguish if a donor is capable to thusly save another life. (Lamb, 1980)Voluntarism may be perceived to be a form of a chivalric act by any individual. Even if others may regard it for a stake of financial stakes, still the mere fact that the idea is to accumulate a life is far more important than placing a pedestal of clannish catastrophes. In a larger perspective, in the case of those who are brain-dead, there are families who prefer seeing their loved one help another mortals life, than to live in a life full of agony. Most likely, the living donors are not after for money alone, it is similarly rare that they ask for something in return after donating an organ.Basically, cornea and kidney donors honor their benevolence to see a person close to them live a little longer, or make on e see through the downfallto make someone feel completedramatic but happening in a real-life scenario (Lauritzen et al. , 2001). Donating an organ in the contemporary society is no longer a hook-on-a-leash issue compared to that when the kidney transplant was first performed in 1954 for the sake of two identical twins. In the modern era, technology has paved a long way in the art of saving livesor getting a new life out of persons end of life.There may be other culture or religion who are still against the idea of taking something from a persons body, but if they are to be educated and exhaust them informed of the beauty that waits the recipient, they too would conceivably try donating their organwhether they are still living or after death (Lauritzen et al. , 2001). In a future marker of this argument, it may be stressed that market is no longer limited to goods made by humans, even humans, whose only initial investment is their body, could give a better pay-off with the right people to attend to and seek for guidance (Joralemon & Cox, 2003).It is amazing to realize that health care has created this system, where normal people could be heroes, even if they couldnt fly or read minds or make objects move. A driving force to live life through helping others, and gaining income by donating an organthe sentiment of fulfillment is imaginable. References DeJong, W. (1995). Options for Increasing Organ Donation The Potential Role of Financial Incentives, Standardized Hospital Procedures, and overt Education to Promote Family Discussion. The Milbank Quarterly, 73(3), 10. Joralemon, D. , & Cox, P.(2003). Body Values The Case against Compensating for Transplant Organs. The Hastings Center Report, 33(1), 13. Lamb, J. (1980). Organ graft Recognizing the Donor. The American Journal of Nursing, 80(9), 2. Lauritzen, P. , McClure, M. , Smith, M. L. , & Trew, A. (2001). The Gift of Life and the Common Good The Need for a Communal flack to Organ Procurement. The Hasting s Center Report, 31(1), 6. May, T. , Aulisio, M. P. , & DeVita, M. A. (2000). Patients, Families, and Organ Donation Who Should Decide? The Milbank Quarterly, 78(2), 4.

God †Religion Essay

1. Metaphysics Metaphysics is the instruct of reality. More specifically it is the study of reality that is beyond the scientific or mathematical realms. The term metaphysics itself literally means beyond the physical. The metaphysical issues most discussed argon the existence of deity, the soul, and the afterlife. 2. Epistemology This philosophy study concerns human knowledge what knowledge is, what the conditions are which make human knowledge possible and the extent to which human knowledge can grasp or reach.3. Morality is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are good and those that are bad. Morality can be a body of standards or principles derived from a code of conduct from a particular philosophy, religion, culture, etc. , or it can derive from a standard that a person believes should be universal. 4. Philosophy of God God is characterized as the metaphysically ultimate being (the first, timeless, absolutely simple, and sovereign be ing, who is devoid of any anthropomorphic qualities), in distinction to separate conceptions such(prenominal) as Theistic Personalism, Open Theism, and Process Theism.Despite extensive theme on the disposition of God, these classical theists did not believe that God could be defined. They believed that it would contradict the transcendent nature of God for mere humans to define him. 5. Philosophy of Religion is the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the philosophic study of religion, including arguments over the nature and existence of God, religious language, miracles, prayer, the problem of evil, and the relationship between religion and other value-systems such as science and ethics.Philosophy of Religion is the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the philosophical study of religion, including arguments over the nature and existence of God, religious language, miracles, prayer, the problem of evil, and the relationship between religion and other value-systems such as science and ethics.

Debates over Immigration Restriction

hold Trent C. Thurman Course HIST C175 Debates Over Immigration Restriction The term immigration refers to moving from your native country and feeler to a distant land for the purpose of a permanent re attitudence and searching for greener pastures. There are several arguments by scholars about immigration restrictions to the United States. They had several similarities supporting immigration restrictions. Prescott Hall, Robert Ward, uncivil Wright, Frank Fetter and John Mitchell all argued supporting the immigration restrictions. Immigrants from countries other than the United States came in plenty during the 1900s.They were truehearted and worked in industries during the industrialization era developing the United States at a truly fast rate. The inwrought American saw that the immigrants were highly valuable and so encouraged more and more immigrants. This lead to a high population increase and a growing economy. As this high influx of immigrants continued, some issues em erged. The immigrants didnt bring change in political, amicable economic and educational matters. They were three times as nonreader as the native whites and those bread and butter in Massachusetts were twice as illiterate as the natives.They were very illiterate such that they didnt see a reason for taking their children to school. Immigrant children were three times as criminals as native Americas. It forecasted that a second generation of immigrants was more objectable to degenerate in future. The immigrants took the jobs of congenital Americans that at a very impression pay which resulted to cheap toil. The immigrants were very unintelligent, had low vitality and low-down physique. They made cheap labor to be very common such that it reduced the standard of living of a worker and led to emerges of poor classes, poor homes and very bad personal customs.It led to socio-economic problems which impact education and charitable institutions. Immigrants were not physically and mentally alert and were unfit for job training. Cheap labor was mainly in railroad, large industries, mining, contractors, and grain growers. They were very arrogant and unskilled such that the towns they lived in were of low standards. They worked as domestic servants in rich Native Americans at very low pay. Illiteracy led to alleged evils on political, social and morals standard of living in communities. The overall effects of a high influx of immigrants resulted to more negative effects to native America.For America to prosper, they had to improve their own industrial organization, elevate standard of living and limit the number of immigrants by passing a bill confining immigration. While others argued supporting immigration restrictions to the United States, other scholars argued against the immigrations restrictions. They were Max Kholer, Sulzberger, Willcox, Bailey, Isaac Horwich, Grace Abbot and Jane Adams. They argued claiming that immigration of foreign persons brought a high influx supply of materials of different characters. Immigrants had the free mind to choose on whether to induce or not.They had high intelligence, some financial resource and high levels of energy to work. They were industrious, worthy, courageous, family men, liberty- centered and of high integrity. Those rivalry for immigration restrictions should remember that the largest employer of external labor was iron and steel industry. Cigar makers had a high numbers of immigrants from Scotland and English Jews. The company that made direct steamship between china and Japan employed external immigrants from china. The Chinese claim to provide materials for constructing railroads, reclaimed swamp, mining, farming, and fruit culture.Immigrants brought up American civilization by working fresh and providing intelligent decisions in industrialization sector. They also brought about assimilative influence in the environment, schools, newspapers, political institutions and social plac es. A census conducted showed that illiteracy wasnt found in immigrants but the country they came from and mostly modify their children. In the case of labour, increase in demand led to increase in labour supply, so there is no statistical proof of an oversupply of unskilled labour resulting in displacement of Native Americans by the foreign immigrants.America didnt have a national system of labour fill in that showed how unemployment is misadjusted on supply to demand and oversupply of labour. From my own point of view, I think the better side is being against the immigration restrictions. They should let immigrants come to a foreign land because he/she carries different, multi- cultural skills and discipline which have a very positive effect on the native people. It leads to understanding and appreciation of culture, abilities, strengths and helplessness of one another.

Individualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Individualism - Essay ExampleThese ideas argon quite useful for me as an individual and resonate perfectly well with the visions I have, this is despite the sportsman of the perspectives that the writers potent. I believe that they relate to me especially during this year of 2013. Emerson in his writing indicates what he notices with the verses written by eminent painter that Let the subject be what it may. The sentiment they create is of to a greater extent important than all idea they may contain when reasoning sheer from thoughts to emotions, then the pronouncement of individual reasoning is overcast by the societal sentiments which is always swayed by propaganda and lack of reasoning. Emerson further notes that ...We but half depict ourselves, and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of us portray in the society these sentiments points to the fact that we come feelings that we believe concerns the next party. Shame as an emotion forces us to consider a lot more about t he feelings of others establish on our actions. I believe that what is correct is correct and anything that is wrong is wrong .Standard should be pitch by ourselves to ensure that we live our potential rather than those individuals who might not necessarily tract our views and thoughts. In his writing to reveal lack of self-trust, Emerson points the argument that accepts the scenario the divine facet has set for you, the current society, as well as the inter-connection of events This argument has a direct revelation of how the society confines people into effected thinking. It restricts growth and makes no one to think differently even if the same methods make no value in the life of the individuals in that particular society. In the writings that reveal the role of the youths, Emerson brings to our attention to the pinch that Do not be deceived that the youths do not have any effect in the society, because they cannot babble for themselves. Hark In the next room their voices are effectively clear and emphatic. It is evident that they can utter in the current society. Bashful or bold, there comes a time when they will make their seniors excess in the society In the argument, it is evident that the youths have no say, perhaps because they are not surrendered based on traditions and culture. Their potential is unearthed and they energy is not adequately exhausted. The society is not able to think and has set time bomb for not allowing the youths to think too, despite their ability to think. The argument indicates that the old age has refused to allow for the inevitable changes and this paralyses the society. Emerson reveals the allay portrayed among the youthful members of the society. In the writings, he points that The nonchalance group of boys who are received of dinner, and would contemn and behave like lords to reconcile one, is the healthy features of human nature He indicates that this raises irresponsible and troublesome members of the society . I believe Emerson is much interested in revealing what role is played by the individual character to ensure that the children grow to be both entrepreneurial and self-reliant. Putting them in a comfort zone does in no way allow them to understand the consequences of the actions that they make. A society that is not inventive can as

Quakers' Contribution in Anti-Slavery Movement Research Paper

Quakers Contribution in Anti-Slavery Movement - explore Paper ExampleAll thirteen of the colonies permitted bondage and did not allow slaves the basic exoneratedoms outlined in the Declaration of Independence. Slaves in America had no freedom and were subject to the whims and demands of their masters. The Louisiana code stated that A slave could not make contracts, receive property, or form legal partnerships on his or her own (Oakes xiv). Family relationships among slaves were not honored and as a result, in that location were no requirements that slave owners keep families intact. In fact, numerous another(prenominal)(prenominal) times, children were taken from mothers and sold as soon as they were strong enough to work themselves. Husbands and fathers were sold without forecast to the feelings of wives or children. The people who were most against slavery were those who were involved in organized religion. Quakers believed in ending slavery one slaveholder at a time. They sent letters, wrote to newspapers, authored pamphlets and almanacs, using any form of publication they could to discredit the institution of slavery and encourage slave owners to free their slaves. Quakers outlined a method through which slaveholders would stolon educate slaves in reading and writing, teach them the principles of truth and righteousness, teach them a trade, and then desex them free (Brown 6). While it cannot be argued that the Quakers, or Society of Friends, played a crucial role in the anti-slavery movement, in all likelihood the movement would have gone on and would have been successful without their influence. There were many people in antebellum America who were willing to make great personal sacrifices to see that there was eventual freedom for all Americans. These people spanned the races, religions and cultures of the time and were dedicated to the idea of freedom for all. Body The Quakers brought up the inappropriateness of slavery in the 1600s, thus bri nging the issue to the forefront of many political and affable debates. They began work against slavery and did not stop their work until the end of slavery in America. One distinguishable advantage that the Quakers had in their anti-slavery work was that they had an already established network of people willing to assist gala slaves and those who had already been freed. Friends could meet in large, public groups to make plans regarding their abolitionist activities without fear of raising suspicion because that is what they had been doing former to their involvement in the Underground Railroad and other abolitionist activities. Additionally, the Quakers involved in anti-slavery activities knew that they could trust their boyfriend Friends with their lives, which is what was at stake when they assisted runaway slaves to freedom. Before slaves began to receive help from Quakers, or anyone else, in their confrontation movement, they had devised many ways to confront slavery. The y discovered that violence was rarely a very successful method of resistance, as the slaveholders responded immediately and intensely. Instead, they used more subtle methods of resistance such as work slowdowns, dissembling illness, breaking tools, and sabotaging equipment under the guise of clumsiness (Horton and Horton 120). Slaves also used song to fight slavery. These songs told stories of escape, sent encoded messages, set the pace for work and placated slave owners by giving the appearance of passivity and contentment. Running away was another form of